Candle wax stabilized with imidazolidines

ABSTRACT

White, dyed, dipped, unscented and/or scented candle wax is effectively stabilized against discoloration and fading by the incorporation therein of an imidazolidine in combination with a UV absorber and/or an antioxidant.

[0001] The instant invention pertains to white, dyed, dipped, unscentedand/or scented candle wax which is effectively stabilized againstdiscoloration and fading by the incorporation therein of animidazolidine in combination with a UV absorber and/or an antioxidant.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Candles have been known for many centuries going back to theeighth century B.C. The nature of candles is described in Ullmann'sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Volume A5 at pages 29-30 where itis seen that candles are made from paraffin, beeswax and stearin asbasic materials, and where a host of additives may also be present.

[0003] It is not surprising that with candles and wax becomingincreasingly more important attention was paid as to how to stabilizethe said materials. At the National Candle Association Meeting inHouston, 1994, R. van der Vennet presented a paper on “Antioxidants inWax—Replacement of BHT” touting the use of Vitamin E (tocopherol) as anantioxidant to prevent the yellowing of wax when oxidized. WO 94/13736describes the same invention.

[0004] EP 359,488 A3 and EP 133,964 B1 describe stabilized waxes used incosmetics where the waxes are the same or similar to those used incandles.

[0005] EP 5,922 A1 describes lip cosmetics where the waxes are useful inlipsticks and are related to those useful in candles.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,694 describes in detail transparent gelcandles both in composition and structure. The use of BHT as anantioxidant is mentioned.

[0007] At the National Candle Association Technical Meeting on Apr. 16,1998, F. A. Ballentine et al., presented a paper entitled “InhibitingColor Fading of Dyed Candles with CYASORB® Light Absorbers” in which thegeneral theories of thermal oxidation and photodegradation are discussedalong with data on the effect of light absorbers on color stability ofdyed candle waxes. The light absorbers compared are4-octyloxy-2-hydroxy-benzophenone UV-531;4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone UV-9;2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-5365;2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzo-triazole UV-5411 and2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-2337).

[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,905 teaches dyed and scented candle gelscontaining triblock copolymers and a hydrocarbon oil of high flashpoint. This reference teaches that a light (UV) absorber may be used toimprove the shelf stability of the candle color when exposed to visibleor ultraviolet light. Two preferred absorbers are ethylhexylp-methoxycinnamate (PARSOL® MCX, Roche) and2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (CYASORB® 5411,Cytec).

[0009] Imidazolidines have been known as stabilizers for varioussubstrates. British Patent No. 1,145,470 teaches the stabilization ofpolyolefins using alkylated 4-oxoimidazolidine-1-oxides such as2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxoimidazolidine-1-oxide.

[0010] U.S. Pat. No. 4,448,969 discloses the use of cyclic ether orcarbonate alkylation products of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-onefor the stabilization of synthetic polymers, particularly polyolefins.

[0011] U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,804,717 and 4,895,901 teach that polymerichindered amine light stabilizers are useful for the stabilization ofolefin, styrene and acrylate polymers which contain a minor amount of apendant moiety derived from3-hydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidine-4-one.

[0012] European Patent Specification 313,941 B1 describes thestabilization of photochromic dye compositions using1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one.

[0013] WO 00/22037 teaches the stabilization of solid, shaped andcolored wax articles, including candles, using a malonate UV absorberwhich may optionally contain a hindered amine moiety as part of themalonate compound structure. The wax articles are dyed with a variety ofoil soluble dyes and pigments. The samples protected by dimethylp-methoxy-benzylidinemalonate exhibited better resistance todiscoloration that did samples stabilized with selected benzotriazole orbenzophenone UV absorbers.

[0014] Japanese Hei 3-278554 teaches that wax crayons (drawingmaterials) colored by organic pigments can be stabilized by a hinderedamine and/or benzotriazole.

[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 6,020,491 teaches the use of monomeric andpolymeric cyclic amine and N-halamine compounds as biocides anddisinfectants for a host of substrates. Some of the structures include asubstituted 2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidine moiety in a pendant group.

[0016] WO 98/30601 describes a method of controlling polymer molecularweight and polymer structure by living free radical polymerization wherenitroxide and alkoxyamine containing a 2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidinemoiety are employed.

[0017] WO 99/61396 teaches the method of stabilizing unsaturated organicpolymers using a host of polymerization inhibitors based on thealkylated 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazolidine compounds.

[0018] In respect to wax stabilization, the use of selected hinderedamines and/or benzotriazole UV absorbers is also known in the prior artas seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,530,084; 4,379,721; 4,616,051 and 5,964,905and in copending applications Ser. Nos. 09/495,495, 09/495,496 and09/741,583.

[0019] None of these references teach the superior performance providedwhen the imidazolidine compounds are used in conjunction with a UVabsorber and/or antioxidant to stabilize candle wax.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The object of the invention is to provide for a white andunscented; white and scented; dyed and unscented; dyed and scented;dipped and unscented; or dipped and scented candle wax stabilized by acombination of an imidazolidine compound with a UV absorber and/orantioxidant.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE

[0021] The instant invention pertains to a composition which comprises

[0022] (a) candle wax which is white and unscented; white and scented;dyed and unscented; dyed and scented; dipped and unscented; or dippedand scented, and

[0023] (b) an effective stabilizing amount of a combination of

[0024] (i) an imidazolidine compound containing a moiety of genericformula I

[0025] (ii) a UV absorber or an antioxidant, or a UV absorber and anantioxidant

[0026] wherein the ratio by weight of (i) to (ii) is from 10:1 to 1:10.

[0027] In another embodiment of the instant invention, theimidiazolidine compound of component (b)(i) is a compound of formula Ia

[0028] where

[0029] R₁ and R₂ are independently alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or R₁and R₂ together are tetramethylene, pentamethylene or pentamethylenesubstituted by methyl; and

[0030] R₃ and R₄ are independently hydrogen, oxyl, hydroxyl, aralkyl of7 to 15 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 42carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted by one or two hydroxyl groups, saidalkyl substituted by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or saidalkyl interrupted by one to twenty oxygen atoms and substituted by onehydroxyl, by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms or by4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyloxy.

[0031] In another embodiment of the invention R₁ and R₂ are each methyl,or R₁ and R₂ together are pentamethylene.

[0032] Specific imidazolidine compounds of formula I or Ia which areuseful in the instant invention include

[0033] (a) 2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one;

[0034] (b)2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one-1-oxyl;

[0035] (c) 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl;

[0036] (d) 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diisobutyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl;

[0037] (e)(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)-4-spiro-2′-(4-oxoimidiazoline-1-oxyl)-5′-spiro-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl);

[0038] (f) 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diethyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl;

[0039] (g)2,2-[(1-methyl)-1,5-pentanediyl]-5,5-[(1-methyl)-1,5-pentanediyl]-imidazo-lidin-4-one-1-oxyl;

[0040] (h) 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin-4-one;

[0041] (i) bis-[2-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxo-imidazolin-1-yl)ethyl]sebacate;

[0042] (j)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin-4-one;

[0043] (k)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[H(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-one where xis 2 to 21;

[0044] (l)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[heptadecylcarbonyl(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-onewhere x is 2 to 21;

[0045] (m)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyl-(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-onewhere x is 2 to 21;

[0046] (n)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[2-(heptadecylcarbonyloxyethyl]-imidazolin-4-one;

[0047] (o)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-methyl-1-[2-(heptadecylcarbonyloxyethyl]-imidazolin-4-one;

[0048] (p) the transesterification product of a 1:1 methylmethacrylate:ethyl acrylate copolymer with3-hydroxyethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one; or

[0049] (q) the transesterification product of a 2:1 methylmethacrylate:ethyl acrylate copolymer with3-hydroxyethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one.

[0050] Another embodiment of the instant invention is where theimidazoline compound of component (b)(i) is2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one.

[0051] In another embodiment of the invention, the ratio by weight of(i) to (ii) is from 4:1 to 1:4.

[0052] Another embodiment of the invention is where the ratio by weightof (i) to (ii) is from 2:1 to 1:2.

[0053] In still another embodiment of the invention, the effectiveamount of the UV absorber plus the imidazoline compound in the candlewax is 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the wax.

[0054] Another embodiment of the invention is where the effective amountof the UV absorber plus imidazolidine in the candle wax is 0.1 to 2% byweight based on the wax.

[0055] Another embodiments of the invention is where the effectiveamount of the UV absorber plus imidazolidine in the candle wax is 0.1 to0.5% by weight based on the wax.

[0056] The UV absorber of component (ii) is a benzotriazole, abenzophenone, an α-cyanoacrylate, an oxanilide, an s-triazine, acinnamate, a malonate, a benzoate or a salicylate, or a mixture thereof.

[0057] In another embodiment of the invention, the UV absorber is abenzotriazole, a benzophenone or an s-triazine.

[0058] Examples of the UV absorbers useful in the instant invention are

[0059] (a) 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;

[0060] (b) 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;

[0061] (c) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0062] (d) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole;

[0063] (e) 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0064] (f) octyl3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate;

[0065] (g) 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0066] (h) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0067] (i)5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0068] (j)5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0069] (k)2-(2-hydroxy-3-sec-butyl-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0070] (l) 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0071] (m) 2-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;

[0072] (n)2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-di(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;

[0073] (o)2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;

[0074] (p)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)-ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;and

[0075] (q)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(octyloxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzo-triazole.

[0076] (r) 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate;

[0077] (s) 4-methoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone;

[0078] (t) 4,4′dimethoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone;

[0079] (u)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine;

[0080] (v) 2,4-diphenyl-6-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine;

[0081] (w)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy)phenyl]-s-triazine;

[0082] (x)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-5-α-cumylphenyl]-s-triazine;

[0083] (y) reaction product of2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine with octyl α-haloacetate; or

[0084] (z) the mixture of3,3;3,5;5,5-methylene-bis[2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)]-s-triazine.

[0085] Still other examples of UV absorbers useful in the instantinvention are

[0086] (a) 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;

[0087] (b) 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;

[0088] (d) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole;

[0089] (o)2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;

[0090] (p)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)-ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;

[0091] (q)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(octyloxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzo-triazole;

[0092] (y) reaction product of2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine with octyl α-haloacetate; or

[0093] (z) the mixture of3,3;3,5;5,5-methylene-bis[2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)]-s-triazine.

[0094] Another embodiment of the instant invention involves acomposition wherein the antioxidant is a phenolic antioxidant,phosphite, nitrone, amine oxide or hydroxylamine, or mixture thereof.

[0095] Examples of the above-embodiment are wherein the effective amountof UV absorber in combination with the imidazolidine compound and anantioxidant is 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the wax.

[0096] Another embodiment is where the effective amount of UV absorberin combination with the imidazolidine and an antioxidant is 0.1 to 2% byweight based on the wax.

[0097] Still another embodiment is where the effective amount of UVabsorber in combination with the imidazolidine and an antioxidant is 0.1to 0.5% by weight based on the wax.

[0098] Examples of the antioxidants useful in this invention are

[0099] n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,

[0100] neopentanetetrayltetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinammate),

[0101] di-n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate,

[0102] 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,

[0103] thiodiethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),

[0104]1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,

[0105] 3,6-dioxaoctamethylenebis(3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),

[0106] 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,

[0107] 2,2′-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol),

[0108] 1,3,5-tris(2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,

[0109] 1,1,3,-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane,

[0110] 1,3,5-tris[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate,

[0111] 3,5-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)mesitol,

[0112] hexamethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),

[0113]1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-3,5-di(octylthio)-s-triazine,

[0114]N,N′-hexamethylene-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamamide),

[0115] calcium bis(ethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate),

[0116] ethylene bis[3,3-di(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate],

[0117] octyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate,

[0118] bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazide,N,N′-bis[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy)-ethyl]oxamide,

[0119] N,N-di-(C₁₂-C₂₄alkyl)-N-methyl-amine oxide, of

[0120] N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine prepared from di(hydrogenatedtallow)amine by direct oxidation.

[0121] Still other embodiments of antioxidants useful in the instantinvention are

[0122] neopentanetetrayltetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),

[0123] n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,

[0124]1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,

[0125] 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,

[0126] 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, or

[0127] 2,2′-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol).

[0128] It should be noted that candles contain a host of variouscomponents. The base materials may be made up of the following:

[0129] paraffin wax,

[0130] natural oils,

[0131] polyamide plus fatty acid/ester,

[0132] fatty acids such as stearin,

[0133] opacifiers,

[0134] beeswax,

[0135] glycerides plus oxidized wax,

[0136] alcohols, and

[0137] ethylene oligomers.

[0138] Candles also contain a number of additives such as the following:

[0139] mold release agents,

[0140] fragrances,

[0141] insect repellants or insecticides,

[0142] hardeners,

[0143] crystal modifiers,

[0144] clarifiers,

[0145] guttering reducers,

[0146] colorants,

[0147] f.p. control agents,

[0148] stretchability improvers,

[0149] gelling agents,

[0150] extrusion aids, and

[0151] vortex reducers.

[0152] Each of the various components are meant to control or modify theproperties of the candle to insure proper burning, reduce channelling,aid in uniform melting, and the like. The colorants and fragrancesobviously are there to provide the proper color, scent or otheraesthetic appeal.

[0153] Of increasing importance are the transparent gel candles whichlook like clear glass, but which burn like a classical candle. As isdiscussed in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,694, the relevant parts ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference, these gel candles usuallycontain a copolymer selected from the group consisting of a triblock,radial block, diblock or multiblock copolymer classically made up of atleast two thermodynamically incompatible segments containing both hardand soft segments. Typical of such block copolymers is KRATON® (ShellChemical Co.) which consists of block segments of styrene monomer unitsand rubber monomer or comonomer units. The most common structure foundin KRATON® D series is a linear ABA block with styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS) or styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS).

[0154] The following examples are meant for illustrative purposes onlyand are not to be construed to limit the instant invention in any mannerwhatsoever.

[0155] Raw Materials

[0156] Wax samples are supplied by the Candle-Lite Corporation. Thesesamples contain dyes and fragrances.

[0157] The UV absorbers and hindered amine stabilizers are obtained fromthe Ciba Speciality Chemicals Corporation.

[0158] Sample Preparation

[0159] The wax samples obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation alreadycontain a dye and a fragrance (scent). In these cases, the wax is meltedand the appropriate stabilizer(s) is (are) added and dissolved in themolten wax. The stabilized wax is then poured into five (5) 44 mmdiameter aluminum pans giving five (5) wax disks.

[0160] Sample Exposure

[0161] Triplicate samples of each disk are exposed under a bank of six(6) cool-white fluorescent lamps (40 watts) or under a bank of six (6)UV lamps having a wavelength of 368 nm with the test samples beingtwelve (12) inches (30.48 cm) below the lamps.

[0162] Dye color fade (or color change) is measured by a MacbethColorEye Spectrophotometer with a 6 inch integrating sphere. Theconditions are: 10 degree observer; D65 illuminant and 8 degree viewingangle.

[0163] Initial color measurements are taken using the above parameters.The L, a and b values are calculated using the CIE system from thereflectance values. YI is calculated from the L, a and b values.Subsequent measurements are taken at specified intervals. Delta L, a, band YI values are simply the difference between the initial values andthe values at each interval. Delta(Δ) E is calculated as follows:

[(Delta L)²+(Delta a)²+(Delta b)²]^(½)=Delta E.

EXAMPLE 1 2,2-Pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one

[0164] The title compound is prepared according to the procedure givenin J. Organic Chemistry, 28, 3576 (1963).

EXAMPLE 2 Color Fade of White Scented Candle Wax under Fluorescent LampExposure

[0165] A variety of different stabilizers are evaluated in white scentedcandle wax obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation under fluorescentlamp exposure. The ΔE values represent the change in color after theindicated days of exposure. A low ΔE value indicates less change incolor and is highly desired. ΔE after Sample* (wt % add) 28 days Blank(no add) 34.05 A (0.3%) 30.28 A (0.15%) + 29.49 D (0.15%) D (0.3%) 31.20B (0.15%) + 24.23 D (0.15%) B (0.15%) + 20.10 C (0.15%) F (0.15%) +15.63 C (0.15%) F (0.15%) + 13.07 A (0.15%) F (0.15%) + 11.26 E (0.15%)

[0166] These data show that an imidazolidine compound (Compound F) incombination with a UV absorber protects the white scented candle waxfrom unwanted discoloration far better than conventional stabilizersystems.

EXAMPLE 3 Color Fade of White Scented Candle Wax under UV Lamp Exposure

[0167] A variety of different stabilizers are evaluated in white scentedcandle wax obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation under UV lampexposure. The ΔE values represent the change in color after theindicated days of exposure. A low ΔE value indicates less change incolor and is highly desired. ΔE after Sample* (wt % add) 25 days Blank(no add) 45.09 D (0.3%) 32.03 A (0.15%) + 29.74 D (0.15%) B (0.15%) +30.11 C (0.15%) A (0.3%) 25.50 F (0.15%) + 15.51 E (0.15%)

[0168] These data show that an imidazolidine compound (Compound F) incombination with a UV absorber protects the white scented candle waxfrom unwanted discoloration far better than conventional stabilizersystems.

EXAMPLE 4 Color Fade of Gray Scented Candle Wax under Fluorescent LampExposure

[0169] A variety of different stabilizers are evaluated in gray scentedcandle wax obtained from the Candle-Lite Corporation under fluorescentlamp exposure. The ΔE values represent the change in color after theindicated days of exposure. A low ΔE value indicates less change incolor and is highly desired. ΔE after Sample* (wt % add) 41 days Blank(no add) 17.73 A (0.3%) 13.71 B (0.15%) + 11.54 C (0.15%) F (0.15%) +9.95 C (0.15%) F (0.15%) + 9.89 G (0.15%)

[0170] These data show that an imidazolidine compound (Compound F) incombination with an s-triazine UV absorber protects the gray scentedcandle wax from unwanted discoloration far better than conventionalstabilizer systems.

EXAMPLE 5

[0171] Green scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofdimethyl p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate, SANDUVOR® PR 25, in combinationwith 0.2% by weight of2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one-1-oxyl.

EXAMPLE 6

[0172] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofdi(1,2,2,6,6-penta methylpiperidin-4-yl) p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate,SANDUVOR® PR 31, in combination with 0.1% by weight of2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 7

[0173] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofdimethyl di(p-chlorophenyl)methylenemalonate in combination with 0.1% byweight of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl.

EXAMPLE 8

[0174] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofdim ethyl di(p-methoxyphenyl)methylenemalonate in combination with 0.2%by weight of bis-[2-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxo-imidazolin-1-yl)ethyl]sebacate.

EXAMPLE 9

[0175] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone in combination with 0.1% byweight of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diisobutyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl.

EXAMPLE 10

[0176] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of4-tert-butyl-phenyl 2-hydroxybenzoate in combination with 0.1% by weightof 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 11

[0177] Yellow unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weightof 2-ethoxy-2-ethyloxanilide in combination with 0.1% by weight of(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)-4-spiro-2′-(4-oxoimidiazoline-1-oxyl)-5′-spiro-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl).

EXAMPLE 12

[0178] Yellow unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weightof 3-hydroxy-phenyl benzoate in combination with 0.2% by weight of2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[H(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-one where xis 2 to 21.

EXAMPLE 13

[0179] Blue unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofdodecyl 3-phenyl-3-methyl-α-cyanoacrylate in combination with 0.1% byweight of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diethyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl.

EXAMPLE 14

[0180] Blue unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofdodecyl 3,3-diphenyl-α-cyanoacrylate in combination with 0.2% by weightof the transesterification product of a 1:1 methyl methacrylate:ethylacrylate copolymer with3-hydroxyethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 15

[0181] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzo-triazole,TINUVIN® 1130, CIBA, in combination with 2% by weight of thetransesterification product of a 2:1 methyl methacrylate:ethyl acrylatecopolymer with 3-hydroxyethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 16

[0182] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole,TINUVIN® 928, CIBA, in combination with 0.2% by weight of2,2-[(1-methyl)-1,5-pentanediyl]-5,5-[(1-methyl)-1,5-pentanediyl]-imidazolidin-4-one-1-oxyl.

EXAMPLE 17

[0183] Red scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole,TINUVIN® 326, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight of2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[heptadecylcarbonyl-(OCH₂CH2)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-onewhere x is 2 to 21.

EXAMPLE 18

[0184] Green scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofoctyl 3-(benzo-triazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,TINUVIN® 384, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight of2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyl(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-onewhere x is 2 to 21.

EXAMPLE 19

[0185] Green scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofoctyl 3-(benzo-triazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,TINUVIN® 384, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight of2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[2-(heptadecyl-carbonyloxyethyl]-imidazolin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 20

[0186] Blue scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole, TINUVIN® 329, CIBA, incombination with 0.1% by weight of2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-methyl-1-[2-(heptadecylcarbonyloxyethyl]-imidazo-lin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 21

[0187] Blue scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone in combination with 0.1% by weight of2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one-1-oxyl.

EXAMPLE 22

[0188] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate in combination with 0.1% by weight of2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 23

[0189] Red unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′dihydroxybenzophenone in combination with 0.1% byweight of the transesterification product of a 1:1 methylmethacrylate:ethyl acrylate copolymer with3-hydroxyethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 24

[0190] Yellow unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weightof 2-ethoxy-2′-ethyl-5,4′-di-tert-butyloxanilide in combination with0.1% by weight of2,2-penta-methylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 25

[0191] Yellow unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weightof2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl]-s-triazine,TINUVIN® 400, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight of thetransesterification product of a 2:1 methyl methacrylate:ethyl acrylatecopolymer with 3-hydroxyethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 26

[0192] Blue scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-5-α-cumylphenyl]-s-triazine in combination with 0.1% by weight of(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)-4-spiro-2′-(4-oxoimidiazoline-1-oxyl)-5′-spiro-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl).

EXAMPLE 27

[0193] Blue unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight of2,4-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazinein combination with 0.1% by weight of1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4,4-(1-oxa-2,4-dioxo-3-dodecylimino-tetramethylene)piperidine,TINUVIN® 440, CIBA, an d 0.1% by weight of bis-[2-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxo-imidazolin-1-yl)ethyl] sebacate.

EXAMPLE 28

[0194] Blue unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight of2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl]-s-triazine,TINUVIN® 400, CIBA, in combination with 0.1% by weight ofbis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, TINUVIN® 292, Ciba,and 0.1% by weight of2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyl-(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-onewhere x is 2 to 21.

EXAMPLE 29

[0195] White unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weightof 4-tert-octyl-phenyl2-hydroxybenzoate in combination with 2% by weightof 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl.

EXAMPLE 30

[0196] White unscented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weightof 3-hydroxy-phenyl benzoate in combination with 0.1% by weight of octyl3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, TINUVIN®384, CIBA, and 0.1% by weight of2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[2-(heptadecylcarbonyloxyethyl]-imidazolin-4-one.

EXAMPLE 31

[0197] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofdodecyl 3,3-diphenyl-α-cyanoacrylate in combination with 0.1% by weightof2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl]-s-triazine,TINUVIN® 400, CIBA, and 0.1% by weight of2,2-[(1-methyl)-1,5-pentanediyl]-5,5-[(1-methyl)-1,5-pentanediyl]-imidazolidin-4-one-1-oxyl.

EXAMPLE 32

[0198] Yellow scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.1% by weight ofpentaerythrityl tetrakis[3,3-diphenyl-α-cyanoacrylate] in combinationwith 0.2% by weight ofbis-[2-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxo-imidazolin-1-yl)ethyl] sebacate.

EXAMPLE 33

[0199] Red scented candle wax is well stabilized by 0.2% by weight ofoctyl 3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-α-cyanoacrylate in combination with0.2% by weight of2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one.

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition which comprises (a) candle waxwhich is white and unscented; white and scented; dyed and unscented;dyed and scented; dipped and unscented; or dipped and scented, and (b)an effective stabilizing amount of a combination of (i) an imidazolidinecompound containing a moiety of generic formula I

(ii) a UV absorber or an antioxidant, or a UV absorber and anantioxidant wherein the ratio by weight of (i) to (ii) is from 10:1 to1:10.
 2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the imidazolinecompound of component (b)(i) is a compound of formula Ia

where R₁ and R₂ are independently alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or R₁and R₂ together are tetramethylene, pentamethylene or pentamethylenesubstituted by methyl; and R₃ and R₄ are independently hydrogen, oxyl,hydroxyl, aralkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 24 carbonatoms, alkyl of 1 to 42 carbon atoms, said alkyl substituted by one ortwo hydroxyl groups, said alkyl substituted by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to18 carbon atoms, or said alkyl interrupted by one to twenty oxygen atomsand substituted by one hydroxyl, by alkylcarbonyloxy of 2 to 18 carbonatoms or by 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyloxy.
 3. A compositionaccording to claim 2 where in the compound of formula Ia, R₁ and R₂ areeach methyl, or R₁ and R₂ together are pentamethylene.
 4. A compositionaccording to claim 1 wherein the imidazoline compound of formula I is(a) 2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one; (b)2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one-1-oxyl; (c)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl; (d)2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diisobutyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl; (e)(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)-4-spiro-2′-(4-oxoimidiazoline-1-oxyl)-5′-spiro-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl);(f) 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diethyl-4-oxoimidazoline-1-oxyl; (g)2,2-[(1-methyl)-1,5-pentanediyl]-5,5-[(1-methyl)-1,5-pentanediyl]-imidazo-lidin-4-one-1-oxyl;(h) 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin-4-one; (i)bis-[2-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxo-imidazolin-1-yl)ethyl]sebacate; (j)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin-4-one; (k)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[H(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-one where xis 2 to 21; (l)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[heptadecylcarbonyl(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-onewhere x is 2 to 21; (m)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyl-(OCH₂CH₂)_(x)]-imidazolin-4-onewhere x is 2 to 21; (n)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-methyl-3-[2-(heptadecylcarbonyloxyethyl]-imidazolin-4-one;(o)2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-methyl-1-[2-(heptadecylcarbonyloxyethyl]-imidazolin-4-one;(p) the transesterification product of a 1:1 methyl methacrylate:ethylacrylate copolymer with3-hydroxyethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one; or (q) thetransesterification product of a 2:1 methyl methacrylate:ethyl acrylatecopolymer with 3-hydroxyethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-4-one. 5.A composition according to claim 4 wherein the imidazoline compound is2,2-pentamethylene-5,5-pentamethylene-imidazolidin-4-one.
 6. Acomposition according to claim 1 wherein the ratio by weight of (i) to(ii) is from 4:1 to 1:4.
 7. A composition according to claim 6 whereinthe ratio by weight of (i) to (ii) is from 2:1 to 1:2.
 8. A compositionaccording to claim 1 wherein the effective amount of the UV absorberplus the imidazoline compound in the candle wax is 0.01 to 10% by weightbased on the wax.
 9. A composition according to claim 8 wherein theeffective amount of the UV absorber plus imidazolidine in the candle waxis 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the wax.
 10. A composition according toclaim 9 wherein the effective amount of the UV absorber plusimidazolidine in the candle wax is 0.1 to 0.5% by weight based on thewax.
 11. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the UV absorber ofcomponent (ii) is a benzotriazole, a benzophenone, an α-cyanoacrylate,an oxanilide, an s-triazine, a cinnamate, a malonate, a benzoate or asalicylate, or a mixture thereof.
 12. A composition according to claim11 wherein the UV absorber is a benzotriazole, a benzophenone or ans-triazine.
 13. A composition according to claim 12 wherein the UVabsorber is (a) 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone; (b)4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone; (c)2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (d)2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole; (e)2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (f) octyl3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate; (g)2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (h)2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (i)5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (j)5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (k)2-(2-hydroxy-3-sec-butyl-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (l)2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (m)2-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; (n)2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-di(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole; (o)2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;(p)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)-ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;and (q)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(octyloxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzo-triazole.(r) 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate; (s)4-methoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone; (t)4,4′dimethoxy-2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone; (u)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine;(v) 2,4-diphenyl-6-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine; (w)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy)phenyl]-s-triazine;(x)2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-do-/tri-decyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-5-α-cumylphenyl]-s-triazine;(y) reaction product of 2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine withoctyl α-haloacetate; or (z) the mixture of3,3;3,5;5,5-methylene-bis[2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)]-s-triazine.14. A composition according to claim 13 wherein the UV absorber is (a)4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone; (b) 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;(d) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl-2H-benzotriazole; (o)2-[2-hydroxy-3-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5-tert-octylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole;(p)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(omega-hydroxy-octa(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)-ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzotriazole;(q)2-{2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-[2-(octyloxy)carbonyl)ethyl]phenyl}-2H-benzo-triazole;(y) reaction product of 2,4,6-tris(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine withoctyl α-haloacetate; or (z) the mixture of3,3;3,5;5,5-methylene-bis[2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxyphenyl)]-s-triazine.15. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition alsocontains an antioxidant.
 16. A composition according to claim 15 whereinthe antioxidant is a phenolic antioxidant, phosphite, nitrone, amineoxide or hydroxylamine, or mixture thereof.
 17. A composition accordingto claim 1 wherein the effective amount of UV absorber in combinationwith the imidazolidine and an antioxidant is 0.01 to 10% by weight basedon the wax.
 18. A composition according to claim 17 wherein theeffective amount of UV absorber in combination with the imidiazoline andan antioxidant is 0.1 to 2% by weight based on the wax.
 19. Acomposition according to claim 18 wherein the effective amount of UVabsorber in combination with the imidiazolidine and an antioxidant is0.1 to 0.5% by weight based on the wax.
 20. A composition according toclaim 15 wherein the antioxidant is n-octadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, neopentanetetrayltetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinammate), di-n-octadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate,1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,thiodiethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,3,6-dioxaoctamethylenebis(3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol,2,2′-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol),1,3,5-tris(2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate,1,1,3,-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane,1,3,5-tris[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy)ethyl]isocyanurate,3,5-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)mesitol, hexamethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),1-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-3,5-di(octylthio)-s-triazine,N,N′-hexamethylene-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamamide),calcium bis(ethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate),ethylene bis[3,3-di(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], octyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate,bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazide,N,N′-bis[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy)-ethyl]oxamide,N,N-di-(C₁₄-C₂₄alkyl)-N-methylamine oxide, or N,N-dialkylhydroxylamineprepared from di(hydrogenated tallow)amine by direct oxidation.
 21. Acomposition according to claim 20 wherein the antioxidant isneopentanetetrayl tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate),n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate,1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate,2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, or2,2′-ethylidene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol).